Subpollen particle release from different species of the invasive allergenic genus Ambrosia: the effect of rainwater composition and wind speed

Abstract Allergen-containing subpollen particles (SPPs) are micrometric or sub-micrometric (0.12–5 µm) released from pollen. They able to reach the lower airways, causing allergenic reactions. SPP release occurs through pore of intact grains by rupture whole grain. In this paper results two laboratory experiments investigating dynamics for three alien species Ambrosia genus shown. Rainwater composition and wind speed were considered, simulating different conditions, in accordance with a fully orthogonal experimental design. The principle response variable was total percentage SPPs-releasing pollen grains; also releasing SPPs broken considered. Both osmotic mechanical shock caused discharge but observed. highest number recorded case acid solution 20 knots speed. Moreover, rainfalls mechanisms. Wind mainly provoked leading grain rupture, whereas rainfall grains. Comparing species, effect at least some cases that rainwater appeared be less relevant trifida than psilostachya artemisiifolia . obtained suggest species-specific lead then impact on allergy according characteristics their growth environment.